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Sodium and potassium are two highly reactive metals that are commonly stored in kerosene. This practice is followed for a number of reasons, which we will explore in this post. But before we dive into the details, let’s understand why these metals are so reactive in the first place.
The Reactivity of Sodium and Potassium
Sodium and potassium belong to a group of metals known as alkali metals. They are highly reactive because of their electronic configuration. Both sodium and potassium have only one electron in their outermost shell, and they are eager to get rid of it to achieve stability.
When these metals come into contact with air or water, they undergo rapid oxidation, resulting in the formation of oxide or hydroxide compounds. This oxidation reaction is highly exothermic and can even lead to the ignition of the metal. To prevent any accidents, sodium and potassium are stored in kerosene, which acts as a protective medium.
Why Kerosene?
Kerosene is a nonpolar solvent that is immiscible with water and has a relatively high boiling point. These properties make it an ideal choice for storing highly reactive metals like sodium and potassium. Let’s examine the reasons in more detail:
Prevention of Oxidation
Kerosene acts as a barrier between the metal surface and the surrounding air. It prevents direct contact between the metal and oxygen, thereby effectively inhibiting the oxidation process. This helps in preserving the metallic properties of sodium and potassium for a longer duration.
Suppression of Fire
Both sodium and potassium have the potential to catch fire when exposed to air or water. The heat generated during the oxidation process can be intense enough to ignite the metals. Kerosene, being a nonpolar solvent, reduces the chance of fire by minimizing the contact between the metal and the oxidants present in the surroundings.
The Consistency of the Storage Medium
Kerosene provides a stable environment for the storage of sodium and potassium. It does not undergo significant changes over time and does not react with the metals. Additionally, its high boiling point ensures that the kerosene remains in liquid form, even at high temperatures. This allows for easy handling of the metals when required.
Handling Sodium and Potassium
When working with sodium and potassium, certain precautions need to be taken due to their reactivity. 
Conclusion
In conclusion, sodium and potassium are stored in kerosene for multiple reasons. Kerosene acts as a protective medium, preventing the oxidation and ignition of these highly reactive metals. Its nonpolar nature and high boiling point provide stability and safety during storage. It is essential to handle these metals with care due to their reactivity. Overall, the use of kerosene ensures the preservation of the metallic properties of sodium and potassium, allowing for safe handling and experimental use.
References:
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